Hierarchical Energy Management System for Home-Energy-Hubs Considering Plug-In Electric Vehicles

The escalating demand on electric vehicles (EVs) has enhanced the necessity of adequate charging infrastructure, especially in residential areas. This article proposes a smart approach for off-board EVs chargers home-energy-hub (HEH) applications along with dc sources such as photovoltaic and battery storage (BS). proposed method facilitates discharging to obtain both vehicle-to-x x-to-vehicle operations focusing domestic integrated renewable elements. Furthermore, optimal state-of-charge (SOC) profiles BS EV HEHs system is defined by extended Bellman-Ford-Moor algorithm (BFMA). modified BFMA utilizes forecasted data solar irradiation, electricity tariff, power consumption gain economic benefits respect user requirements. Moreover, plugging time, duration, initial/final SOC are fluctuating at each connection due stochastic nature conditions settings. study presents laboratory implementation two-level hierarchical energy management plug-in vehicles. In fact, primary level includes converters controller, while implemented secondary level. Finally, simulation experimental results confirm effectiveness analysis regarding interaction grid behavior.